BUS 309 – Week 3 - Chapter 3 - Justice and Economic Distribution

Talk of justice and injustice appeals to the related notions of a. fairness, equality, desert c. feeling, sentiment, happiness b. reason, reflection, deliberation d. fairness, impartiality, duty ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 83 2.Aristotle's formal principle of justice states, a. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her need. b. similar cases must be treated alike except where there is some relevant difference. c. all people are to be treated the same in every situation. d. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her merit. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Pages 83-84 3.According to Mill's utilitarianism, a. rights are certain moral rules whose observance is of the utmost importance for the long- run, overall maximization of happiness. b. there are no rights. c. the rights possessed by human beings remain unchanged for all times and places. d. rights are those rules that a majority of the society would agree to behind the "veil of ignorance." ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Pages 86-87 4.According to libertarianism, a. there are no natural, Lockean rights. b. we have a basic right to assistance from others. c. it would be unjust to coerce people to give food or money to the starving. d. happiness takes priority over other moral concerns. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 90 5.According to John Rawls, people in "the original position" choose the principles of justice on the basis of a. social utility. b. their religion. c. self-interest. d. their intuitive knowledge of the natural rights of all human beings. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Pages 98-99 6.From John Stuart Mill’s viewpoint, a. philosophical concern with justice began in the 19th century. b. questions of morality form a subset of questions of justice. c. for utilitarians, justice is a moral standard independent of the principle of utility. d. not every issue of social utility was a matter of justice.