Chapter 33: The Urinary System

1. An 85-year-old patient who has been NPO since midnight last night for diagnostic testing just completed the procedure. Which intervention is most important? a. Inform the patient about the test results. b. Obtain the patient’s weight for comparison to the morning value. c. Turn the patient every 2 hours. d. Offer 4 ounces of water or juice every hour. 2. The nurse cautions the diabetic patient that diabetes affects the blood flow through the kidney. Which statement indicates that the patient understands the nurse’s teaching? a. “Long-term high blood sugars provide an environment for bacteria to grow, which can damage my kidneys.” b. “Diabetes causes changes to blood vessels, which impacts blood flow to my kidneys.” c. “Diabetes causes an immune response and exposes my kidneys to antibody complexes.” d. “Long-term insulin use leads to scarring on the kidneys.” 3. The nurse explains that when the kidney suffers an autoimmune inflammatory reaction, the glomeruli lose their ability to function effectively. The nurse is describing the etiology of which problem? a. Glomerulonephritis b. Renal calculi c. Hydronephrosis d. Acute pyelonephritis 4. The nurse is caring for a confused patient who requires bladder training. Which component of the bladder training program can the nurse safely delegate to the nursing assistant? a. Teaching the patient about a voiding diary b. Creating a schedule for voiding c. Creating a schedule for fluids d. Recording instances of linen changes and fluids offered 5. When the patient asks why he has so many urinary tract infections (UTIs), the nurse informs the patient that his recurrent UTIs most likely result from which causative factor? a. Bacteria that colonize in the kidney b. Viral infections generating debris in the bladder c. Carelessness in handwashing d. Spicy foods irritating the bladder wall 6. How can nephrotoxic drugs such as doxycycline and rifampin cause kidney damage? a. Bacterial destruction of the nephrons b. Chemical alterations of glomeruli c. Necrosis of tubules from reduction of oxygenation d. “Clumping” of cellular debris from killed bacteria 7. In order to keep optimal flow through the urinary system, a person should have a minimum daily intake of how many mL of fluid? a. 1000 mL b. 1500 mL c. 2000 mL d. 4000 mL 8. The nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking a sulfa drug for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which intervention is most important for the nurse to add to the patient’s care plan? a. Ambulate the patient q shift. b. Ask the patient about a penicillin allergy. c. Weigh the patient daily. d. Increase fluid intake to 1.5 L/day.