ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

For information about adsorption, chemical thermodynamics, reactors, and mass transfer kinetics, refer to the CHEMICAL ENGINEERING and FLUID MECHANICS sections. For information about fluids, refer to the CIVIL ENGINEERING and FLUID MECHANICS sections. For information about geohydrology and hydrology, refer to the CIVIL ENGINEERING section. For information about ideal gas law equations, refer to the THERMODYNAMICS section. For information about microbiology (biochemical pathways, cellular biology and organism characteristics), refer to the BIOLOGY section. For information about population growth modeling, refer to the BIOLOGY section. For information about sampling and monitoring (Student’s t-Distribution, standard deviation, and confidence intervals), refer to the MATHEMATICS section. AIR POLLUTION Activated carbon: refer to WATER TREATMENT in this section. Air stripping: refer to WATER TREATMENT in this section. Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling (Gaussian) σy and σz as a function of downwind distance and stability class, see following figures. exp exp exp C uQ y z H z H 2 21 21 21 y z y z z 22 2 2 2 2 = - - - + - + r v v v v v f _ f _ f p i p i p RTSSS VXWWW where C = steady-state concentration at a point (x, y, z) (µg/m3 ), Q = emissions rate (µg/s), σy = horizontal dispersion parameter (m), σz = vertical dispersion parameter (m), u = average wind speed at stack height (m/s), y = horizontal distance from plume centerline (m), z = vertical distance from ground level (m), H = effective stack height (m) = h + ∆h where h = physical stack height ∆h = plume rise, and x = downwind distance along plume centerline (m). Concentration downwind from elevated source exp C uQ H 21 max y z z22 = - r v v v JLKKK a _ NPOOOk i where variables as previous except C(max) = maximum ground-level concentration vz = H2 for neutral atmospheric conditions Atmospheric Stability Under Various Conditions