Exam 1 Chapter 1: Health: A Community View

1. Which of the following best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care? A. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care. B. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system. C. Our national health care costs keep increasing. D. The new health care system offers free services to Americans. Answer:C 2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this involvement important? A. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very visible in American media. B. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care system. C. Nurses are the largest group of health care providers. D. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals. Answer: C 3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed? A. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers. B. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care. C. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions. D. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer relations. Answer:B 4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis? A. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace. B. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice. C. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. D. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems. Answer:C 5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020's emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? A. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed. B. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable. C. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices. D. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and environmental changes needed for well-being. Answer:D 6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? A. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available to clients B. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help increase and expand the number of professionals available C. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care D. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care Answer:C 7. What is the community health nursing definition of health? A. Health is a person's goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or wholeness. B. Health is an individual's physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. C. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in meeting daily existence. D. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure the safety and well-being. Answer:D 8. How does community health nursing define community? A. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries B. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment C. A group of people who work together to meet common goals D. Persons who form a group to resolve a common concern Answer: B 9. Which variable has a major influence on a community's health? A. Behavior choices made by persons in the community B. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community C. Quality of public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.) D. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community Answer:A 10. What change would most effectively lead to a longer life span in Americans? A. Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school systems B. Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use C. Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of age D. The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as expensive, becoming the social norm Answer:D 11. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the United States today? A. Diabetes epidemic B. Increase in cardiac disease C. Increase in obesity D. Rise in cancer rates Answer: C 12. What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years? A. Better nutrition and family planning options B. Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet C. Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies D. More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention Answer:A 13. Why would a public health nurse want to know about morbidity and mortality statistics on the local, state, and national level? A. To be able to share current trends in health problems with the community B. To be able to observe the community's statistics over time and compare the community with other communities C. To justify local budgets and the need for increased income from citizens D. To publicize current health issues and suggest appropriate actions to citizens Answer:B 14. How do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our citizens? A. Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. B. Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. C. Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care providers focus only on aggregates. D. Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention. Answer:D