Final Exam Study Guide AP III Essay questions to know Bio255

Final Exam Study Guide AP III Essay questions to know What are innate and adaptive immune systems, how they work and how they interact. Adaptive immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents  Antigens are substances recognized as foreign that provoke immune responses Adaptive immunity has both specificity and memory and is divided into 2 types 1 Cell-mediated 2 Antibody-mediated In cell-mediated immunity:  An antigen is recognized and bound  A small number of T cells proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells  The antigen is eliminated In antibody-mediated immunity:  An antigen is recognized and bound  Helper T cells costimulate the B cell so the B cell can proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells that produce antibodies  The antigen is eliminated Innate immunity refers to a variety of body responses that serve to protect us against invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins.   We are born with this kind of immunity Two lines of defense: Nonspecific disease resistance fight a wide variety of invaders. 1st : Skin and mucous membranes: barriers, antimicrobial substances 2nd : Internal defenses (cellular defenses), inflammation, and fever Describe the anatomy and functions of the spleen. a. The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. It is found in the left hypochondriac region between stomach and the diaphragm. It is composed of white pulp and red pulp. Red pulp filters blood and gets rid of old or damaged blood cells. White pulp consists of immune cells and helps fight infection. The spleen acts as a blood filter, if it detects bad bacteria, viruses in the blood, it and the lymph nodes create lymphocytes which act as defenders.