Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Questions

36. The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present? 1. Weight loss 2. Flat neck and hand veins 3. An increase in blood pressure 4. Decreased central venous pressure (CVP) 37. The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client’s record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation? 1. Sustained tissue damage 2. Requires nasogastric suction 3. Has a history of Addison’s disease 4. Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic 38. The nurse reviews a client’s electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L. Which pattern would the nurse note on the electrocardiogram as a result of the laboratory value? 1. U waves 2. Absent P waves 3. Elevated T waves 4. Elevated ST segment 39. The nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as prescribed to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student states that which action is part of the plan for preparation and administration of the potassium? 1. Obtaining an intravenous (IV) infusion pump 2. Monitoring urine output during administration 3. Preparing the medication for bolus administration 4. Ensuring that the medication is diluted in the appropriate amount of normal saline 40. The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low potassium level about the foods that are high in potassium and tells the client to consume which foods? Select all that apply. 1. Peas 2. Raisins 3. Potatoes 4. Cantaloupe 5. Cauliflower 6. Strawberries 41. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client’s serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the health care provider (HCP) and the HCP prescribes