Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalance Linton(Chapter 06) Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.A nurse assesses that a patient’s urine has become much more concentrated. What is the most likely cause for the change? a. Adrenaline b. Aldosterone i Increases the reabsorption of sodium and decrease the reabsorption of potassium. Retention of sodium causes water retentions. Which makes urine more concentrated. c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) i Lets capillaries resbsorv water so that urine is more concentrated and less volme is excreted. d. Insulin ANS: B Aldosterone acts on the kidney tubules, affecting water retention and its attendant urine concentration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 85 OBJ: 6 TOP: Urine Concentration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 2.When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal, what assessment finding should a nurse anticipate? a. More concentrated urine b. Less concentrated urine c. More alkaline urine d. Less alkaline urine NURSINGTB.COM ANS: A When more water is kept back in the body, the water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more concentrated. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 85 OBJ: 6 TOP: Water Reabsorption by Kidney KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 3.What process occurs when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries? a. Active transport i Transport substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of equal or greater concentration. NURSINGTB.COM Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition Linton Test Bank b.c.d.Diffusion i Random movement of particles in all directions. Filtration i High pressure to low pressure Osmosis i Less concentrated to more concentrated ANS: B Diffusion is the movement from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 84 OBJ: 2 TOP: Fluid Movements between Portions of the Circulatory System KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 4.A patient’s intravenous (IV) injection has been infusing at a very high rate. What assessment indicates fluid volume overload in this patient? a. Hypotension b. Tachycardia c. Pulmonary edema (& SOB) d. Kidney failure