MATH 225N WEEK 1 EVIDENCE, CLAIMS, AND TYPES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. A study is planned to research the effects of drinking coffee on hours of sleep. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate? Select the correct answer below: An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control whether or not a person drinks coffee. An observational study should be used because it is not possible to control the number of hours of sleep a person has. An experimental study should be used where the number of hours of sleep is the experimental factor. 2. A researcher is interested in the effects of watching videos just before bed on the quality of sleep. Which of the following claims would be appropriate for this situation? Select only one answer choice. Select the correct answer below: Watching videos just before bed reduces quality of sleep. More than 60% of people watch videos just before going to bed. 1 Watching 1 hour of video just before going to bed reduces the quality of sleep. An experimental study should be used where the consumption of coffee is the experimental factor. Watching hour of video just before going to bed reduces the number of minutes of REM sleep by more than 10%. 3. Inapsychologicalstudyaimedattestingamedicineforreducingstress levels, the researcher grouped the participants into 2groups and gave the stress-reduction pill to one group and a placebo pill to another group. In the description of the above situation, determine the experimental group. Select the correct answer below: The group that received the stress-reduction pill is the experimental group. The group that received the placebo pill is the experimental group. Both the groups are experimental groups. Neither group is an experimental group. 4. Inasurveyconductedtofindoutthefeedbackofasportsprogram organized in a club, the organizers asked the respondents to classify their feedback as good, fair, poor, and bad. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an observational study. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the feedback. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the ratings. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the respondents. 5. Inasurveyconductedtofindoutthefeedbackofasportsprogram organized in a club, the organizers asked the respondents to classify their feedback as good, fair, poor, and bad. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an observational study. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the feedback. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the ratings. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the respondents. 6. A study was performed with a random sample of 513 bolts produced at one factory. What population would be appropriate for generalizing conclusions from the study, assuming the data collection methods used did not introduce biases? Select the correct answer below: The conclusions would apply to all bolts produced by that factory. The conclusions would apply to all bolts produced by any factory run by the same company. The conclusions would apply to all bolts of the same type produced by any manufacturer. The conclusions apply only to the bolts in the sample. 7. A researcher wants to find out the effect of the amount of protein eaten at breakfast on the aerobic performance of runners. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate? Select the correct answer below: An experimental study should be used where the aerobic performance is the controlled factor. An experimental study should be used where the amount of protein eaten at breakfast is the controlled factor. An observational study should be used because the aerobic performance of the runners cannot be directly controlled. An observational study should be used because the amount of protein eaten at breakfast cannot be controlled. 8. Inthedescriptionofthefollowingexperiment,determinetheexperimental factor. A pharmaceutical company conducted an experiment to test a breakfast drink for school children. The company enrolled students for the experiment in the age group of 6 to 10 and divided them into two groups. One group received the new breakfast drink with their normal breakfast, and the other group drank the same amount of a similar looking juice. Identify the experimental factor. Select the correct answer below: the amount of drink given to each group the students in the two groups the students who received the new breakfast drink the type of drink given to each group 9. A study was performed with a random sample of 200 people from one college. What population would be appropriate for generalizing conclusions from the study, assuming the data collection methods used did not introduce biases? Select the correct answer below: The conclusions should apply to all people in the same country. The conclusions should apply to all people within the same city as the college. The conclusions should apply to people at that particular college. The conclusions should apply to people at any college. The conclusions apply only to the sample. 10.A team of physicians is studying a weight-loss pill. They recruited volunteers for a study. The volunteers were in the age group of 30 to 35 and were more than 40 pounds overweight. The physicians gave the new weight-loss pill pack to one group. The other group received a pill pack that resembled the new weight-loss pill pack but was a placebo. In the description of the above situation, determine the experimental group. Select the correct answer below: The group that received the new weight-loss pill pack is the experimental group. The group that received a pill pack resembling the new weight-loss pill pack (the placebo pack) is the experimental group. Both the groups are experimental groups. Neither group is an experimental group. 11.A study was conducted among school students on the relationship between getting up late and getting to school late. Is this an example of an observational study or experimental study? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an observational study. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is getting up late. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is getting to school late. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the school students. 12.A consumer research company is interested in determining if a certain company's new refrigerator model is more efficient than the older model. What should the researchers do first? Select the correct answer below: Write a claim about the efficiency of the new model that can be tested. Choose a random sample of the new models to perform testing. Make some initial conclusions about the efficiency of the new model. Make some initial conclusions about the efficiency of the old model. 13.A research team is testing a product that will minimize wrinkles among women. Volunteers in the age group of 40 to 45 are included in the research. The research team gives a bottle of the solution to one group and a similar bottle of solution with no ingredients intended to lessen wrinkles to the other group. In the description of the above situation, determine the control group. The group that received the bottle of wrinkle solution is the control group. The group that received the bottle of solution that did not contain the ingredients to lessen wrinkles is the control group. Neither group is a control group. Both the groups are control groups. 14.Is a survey of the guests about their preference of food at a party an observational study or experimental study? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the kitty party. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the food. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the survey. The study is an observational study 25. A pharmaceutical company conducted an experiment to test a drug for controlling diabetes. The company enrolled participants for the experiment and divided them into 2 groups. One group received an inert drug, and the other group received the diabetes-control drug. In the description of the above experiment, determine the control group. Select the correct answer below: the group that received the inert drug is the control group the group that received the diabetic control drug is the control group both the groups are control groups neither group is a control group 15.A consumer research company is interested in determining if a certain company's new refrigerator model is more efficient than the older model. Researchers decide to investigate the claim that the new model uses 10% less electricity than the older model for the same cooling load. Which data collection method is appropriate? Select only one answer choice. Select the correct answer below: The company should obtain random samples of people who own each model and measure the electricity used over one month for each refrigerator. The company should get a random sample of the new model, place them all in similar conditions, fill them with the same number of water bottles, and monitor their electrical usage over one month. The company should obtain one new model and one old model, place them both in the same room, fill them with the same number of water bottles, and monitor their electrical usage over one month. 16.In a study to identify the effectiveness of drugs in reducing smoking habits, the study participants were grouped into 3categories. Each of the groups was assigned randomly to one type of drug, either Drug A, Drug B, or Drug C. Results were observed for a 4 week period. Is the study observational or experimental? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an observational study. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the patient groups. The company should obtain random samples of each model, place them in similar conditions, fill them with the same amount of water bottles, and monitor their electrical usage over one month. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the drug types. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the smoking habits. 17.A consumer research company is interested in determining if a certain company's new refrigerator model is more efficient than the older model. Which might be an appropriate claim to result from this research? Select the correct answer below: The new refrigerator model is more efficient than the old model. The new refrigerator model uses 10% less electricity for the same cooling load. The new refrigerator model uses about 0.5 kW/hr per day. The new refrigerator model costs less to operate than the old model. 18.In a psychological study aimed at testing a medicine for reducing stress levels, the researcher grouped the participants into 2groups and gave a stress-reduction pill to one group and a placebo pill to another group. In the description of the above situation, determine the control group. Select the correct answer below: The group that received the stress-reduction pill is the control group. The group that received the placebo pill is the control group. Both the groups are control groups. Neither group is a control group. 19.A candy manufacturer is interested in the distribution of colors in each of its packages of candy sold. The manufacturer randomly sample packages from multiple batches at one factory. Are the results generalizable to the company's other factories that produce the same candy? Select the correct answer below: Yes, because the sample was randomly chosen. No, the results are only generalizable to other factories in the same country. No, the results are only generalizable to other factories in the same state. 20. A biologist is interested in finding the relationship between the amount of sunlight and the growth rate of sunflowers. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate? Select the correct answer below: An experimental study should be used with the growth rate of the sunflowers as the controlled factor. An observational study should be used because the amount of sunlight cannot be controlled. An observational study should be used because the growth rate cannot be controlled. 20.To test the effectiveness of a drug proposed to relieve symptoms of depression, psychiatrists recruited volunteers for clinical tests. All of the No, because the other factories may have different processes or the settings on the machines may be different. An experimental study should be used with the amount of sunlight as the controlled factor. volunteers were diagnosed with symptoms of depression. The psychiatrists provided the drug to first group and a sugar pill to the second group. In the description of the above situation, determine the control group. Select the correct answer below: The group that received the drug is the control group. The group that received the sugar pill is the control group. Neither group is a control group. Both the groups are control groups. 21.A scientist is interested in finding out the effect of soil quality on crop quality. Would an experimental or observational study design be more appropriate? Select the correct answer below: An experimental study should be used with the crop quality as the controlled factor. An observational study should be used because the soil quality cannot be controlled. An experimental study should be used with the soil quality as the controlled factor. An observational study should be used because the crop quality cannot be directly controlled. 22.A researcher is interested in the effects of watching videos just before bed on the quality of sleep. He has decided to test the claim "Watching 1 hour of video just before going to bed reduces the number of minutes of REM sleep by more than 10%." How should the number of hours of video be treated? Select the correct answer below: The number of hours of video should be measured for each person in the sample because variation in the amount could affect REM sleep differently. 1 The number of hours of video should be controlled. All people in the sample should be asked to watch 1 hour of video. The number of hours of video should be controlled. All people in the sample should be asked to watch no video before bed. 23.In the description of the following experiment, determine the experimental factor. A team of physicians testing a new liquid drug taken using an inhaler for treating colds gave the drug to one group of volunteers enrolled for the test. They gave the other group water using the same kind of inhaler. Select the correct answer below: whether or not the subject's cold was cured the type of liquid received by each group the new liquid drug all of the people in the study 24.A candy manufacturer is interested in the distribution of colors in each of its packages of candy sold. Which question is appropriate for their research? Select the correct answer below: The number of hours of video should be controlled. Some measurements should be done for hour of video and some should be done with no video. What is the typical distribution of colors for the packages of candies? What is the favorite color of most consumers of the candy? All of the packages of candy have the same color distribution. Most people who eat the candy prefer the red ones. 25.Is an online poll asking the preferred mobile phone type used by school children an observational study or experimental study? If it is an experiment, what is the controlled factor? Select the correct answer below: The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the students. The study is an observational study. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the type of mobile phone. The study is an experiment. The controlled factor is the online poll.