Mental Health FINAL EXAM Study Guide – A EBP (evidence based practice)

EBP (evidence based practice) Using the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, & patient preferences to make clinical decisions The 5 A’s of integrating best evidence into clinical practices includes: Asking Acquiring Appraising Applying Assessing The mental health recovery model is one of helping people with psychiatric disabilities effectively manage their symptoms, reduce psychosocial disability, and find a meaningful life in a community of their choosing. 3 specific areas are inherent within the art of nursing: caring, attending & patient advocacy.  Basic Brain Anatomy- what do the different part of brain control? o Frontal Lobe: Thought Processes & Voluntary Movement (decision making) o Temporal Lobe: Auditory Processes (language, speech, connects to Limbic system) o Occipital Lobe: Vision (interprets visual images) o Parietal Lobe: Sensory & Motor (L/R orientation, reading, math, proprioception) o Hypothalamus: maintains homeostasis, regulates BP, Temp, libido, hunger, thirst, and sleep/wake cycles. o Cerebellum: Balance, Skeletal Muscle Coordination o Neurons: Nerves that translate electrical impulses into chemical signals released at the synapse  Synapse- The space between neurons in which neurotransmitters are released and either inhibit/excite the adjacent neuron. The 4 NT’s are dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and acetylcholine.  Milieu Therapy: Creating a SAFE, structured inpatient/outpatient setting where the mentally ill can test new behaviors and coping mechanisms with others. o Climate is essential to healing: paint color, relaxed environments are conducive to the healing process. o Florence Nightingale believed that the environment helps heal  Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs o Basic Needs: food, oxygen, water, sleep, sex, and a constant body temperature. If all the needs were deprived, this level would take priority. o Safety Needs: Security, protection, freedom from fear/anxiety/chaos, and the need for law, order, and limits. o Belonging and Love Needs: intimate relationship, love, affection, and belonging, having a family and a home and being part of identifiable groups. o Esteem Needs: If self-esteem needs are met, we feel confident, valued, and valuable. When self-esteem is compromised, we feel inferior, worthless, and helpless. o Self-actualization: Reaching our full potential to feel inner peace and fulfillment.  Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations o Created the Nurse-Patient Partnership increasing individual and family roles in recovery. (Based off of Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory). Relationships greatly influence recovery  Freud- contributed to psychiatric setting -Unconscious thoughts o Id – unconscious mind, instincts (this is dominant) o Ego – sense of self, use of defense mechanisms o Superego – our conscious and is greatly influenced by our parents morals and ethical stances Mental Health FINAL EXAM Study Guide – A 2  Erickson’s o Trust vs. Mistrust (infant 0- 1 ½) trust developed if caregivers give affection, love, care, attention, and reliability. (Feeding) o Autonomy vs. Shame (toddlers 1 ½ - 3) kids need to develop a sense of personal control. (Toilet Training) o Initiative vs. Guilt (children 3-6) children need to have power to explore their environment and not receive disapproval from parents. (Exploration) o Industry vs. Inferiority: (school aged kids 6-12) Kids dealing with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence. (School) o Identity vs. Role Confusion (teens 12-20) Teens need to develop self-identity and personal identity to stay true to themselves. (Social Relationships) o Intimacy & Solidarity vs. Isolation (young adults 20-30) Young Adults need to form intimate, loving relationships. (Relationships) o Generativity vs. Self-Absorption: (adults 30-65) Need to create/nurture things by having children. (Work & Parenthood) o Integrity vs. Despair (elderly 65+) Need to look back and feel fulfilled by accomplishments; have wisdom and no regrets (Reflection on Life)  Sullivan Personalities are influenced during childhood and mostly by the MOTHER.