Microbiology Exam answers

1. A virus is classified as a microbe.True. Although viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms, they can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses. 2. True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.False. The smallest biological unit of life is the cell. 3. What are the 4 main types of macromolecules found in cells?Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharide 1. Proteins are formed from various combinations of __________ of which there are ____ known forms.Amino acids, 20 2. How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?9 1. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins. 1. Complete the following RNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary pair: 3’ GGUCAUCG 5’ 5’ CC AGC 3’ 3’ GGUCAUCG 5’ 5’ CCAGUAGC 3’ There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C. 1. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):BD A. Only restricts movement of materials into the cell B. Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids C. Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward 2. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms come together to form what primary macromolecule? Give an example.Polysaccharides. Glucose, sucrose and cellulose are all acceptable answers. True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane- enclosed region.False. Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea.True Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew). True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.True. Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions. 1. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of organism?B A. Bacteria B. Eukarya C. Archaea D. Virus 2. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic.False—they are heterotropic. 3. Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into chemical energy.Plantae 1. A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following also