NR 328 Pediatric Nursing Exam 1 Study Guide

This study guide has been developed to assist you in organizing your preparation for success on Exam 1 in this course. The details listed here provide an overview of the content presented in the course. This study guide is not meant to include every item on the exam. Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing Chapter 28: The Child With Respiratory Dysfunction  Growth and Development: o Milestones: 2 months – Social smile & Coos 8 months – Combines Syllables ex: Dada 12 months - 2 Syllables ex: Dada & Mama Obesity – is the biggest problem in childhood: ” 95th %” Dental caries “Cavities” – is the single most common chronic disease of childhood. Injury – stressful environment, boys, and ADHD or ADD (Hyperactive) Suicide – is the 3rd leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years old. 3-4 month head should be more controlled 5 month head should be supported (head up) Head control before standing Gross motor before Fine motor Birth to 5mon weight gain 5-7 lbs every week By 6 mon weight should be doubled (14 lbs by 6 mon) By 1 yr weight should be tripled (21 lbs) Baby have really fast metabolisms Eruption (teeth coming in) at 6 mon. By 11 mon = Fine Pincer Grasp Peek a Boo = 8 to 10 mon Head lag should be gone by 3 to 4 months. Toddler = Parallel play 2 1⁄2 year old = 30 mon 3 year old= 36 mon 2 years old – 300 word vocabulary 3 years old – 900 word vocabulary ***Autism can develop as early as 18 -24 mon. Are they pointing indicting what they want or offering what they want giving it back or reassurance of the object they were playing with looking back at the parent. Toddler give much control as much as they can its okay if they want to put on their pants before their shirt. Word “NO” is okay autonomy. Educate parents to let the child makes choices for their selves. Do not let them get overwhelmed. Assess fontanels – Anterior (closes 12-18 months) – Posterior (closes by 2-3 months URILRI      Tonsillitis (URI) No Codeine PO Tonsillectomy If child is allergic to Penicillin give Erythromycin Risk for hemorrhage s/s constant swallowing happens 5 to 10 days after discharges at home. NO STRAW!!! Position on side or Prone for older children for drainage Croup (URI) Worse at night time, Barking cough, hoarseness, Inspiratory stridor, Treatment: Corticosteroids, Hydrate to thin mucous Epiglottitis (URI)  Droplet Precautions, HIB, Emergency, DX by a lateral Neck Xray, Treated with antibiotics, Bacterial, Do not open their mouth, High fever >104, Drooling, Muffled voice, can not talk, tripod position, Inspiratory stridor, Prepare for intubation Bronchiolitis (LRI) AKA RSV, Contact Precautions, Early than 28wks Preterm give a preventive measure Palivizumab a prophylaxis to boost up the immune system, injections given monthly, HX & Assessment is how it is DX Asthma (LRI) 2nd hand smoke, obstructive, Urban area & Roaches/ Pollutants, Obesity, Gerd, Chronic inflammation, it is reversible, Hyper-Responsive Lungs, Atopic dermatitis (Eczema) & Food Allergies leads to Asthma, Emergency Med  Albuterol AKA Bronchodilator (short acting) Reduces Inflammation  Budesonide AKA Corticosteroids Red Zone Danger  Status Asthmaticus HX & Assessment is how it is DX Cystic Fibrosis (LRI) Both parents have to have the gene 25% child will have the gene à Autosomal recessive disease chromosome #7 à Thick Mucus in CF ß Break mucus by giving fluids **CF is not only related to Respiratory but also the intestines. ***Meconium Ileus (blockage) is the 1st sign clinical manifestation (they won’t past their 1st stool) How to DX: 2 sweat tests, FTT, Genetic testing, stool test for fat (Pancreatic insufficiency) Male is sterile, Female difficulty w/conceiving Due to malnutrition give HIGH protein and Calorie Diet Fat soluble supplements (ADEK) CPT, Postural Drainage, Breathing exercises  Stridor  Wheezing and Crackles