NR222 Health and Wellness Exam 3 Study Guide

 Ethical Principles:    Autonomy- freedom from external control. Respect for patient autonomy refers to the commitment to include patients in decisions about all aspects of care. Involving patients in decisions about their care is now standard practice.    Veracity- devotion to the truth; in giving people information about their health care needs facilitates autonomous choice and enhances personal decision-making. Health care professionals may be tempted to withhold certain details when this is seen as serving the person’s best interests or when family members demand it. It is sometimes difficult to determine how much and what types of information will best serve a person’s needs.    Fidelity - the agreement to keep promises    Nonmaleficence- the avoidance of harm or hurt; not only the will to do good but the equal commitment to do no harm.    Beneficence- taking positive actions to help others; implies that the best interests of the patient remain more important than self-interest. It implies that nurses practice primarily as a service to others, even in the details of daily work.    Justice- refers to fairness    Confidentiality- Act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nurse only shares information about a patient with other nurses or health care providers who need to know private information about a patient to provide care for him or her; information can only be shared with the patient's consent.  Levels of Health Prevention/Promotion- Preventive measures can be applied at any stage along the natural history of a disease, with the goal of preventing further progression of the condition.    Primary – BEFORE the condition occurs. Purpose to decrease the vulnerability of the pt to disease or dysfunction. True prevention (examples: Health education, immunization, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities).    Secondary- EARLY DIAGNOSIS and prompt treatment. Pt with health problems and risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. (Screening techniques treating early stages of disease to limit disability and averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease).    Tertiary- RESTORATIN AND REHABILITATION. Restoring health or rehabbing to the maximum level of functioning.  Nursing Process: ADPIE: The nursing process is a series of organized steps designed for nurses to provide excellent care. A legal document to ensure it is written correctly Assessment: nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the pt's health and/or situation (subjective and objective). A physical examination of the patient. Diagnosis: Apply clinical judgment to the client's human response to actual or potential health problems based on the assessment. nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnosis or issue. Planning: Plan the steps to reach that goal. Nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternative to attain expected outcomes. Nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the pt or situation (what do I want to happen to my pt when I act on interventions based on diagnosis). Implementation: Nurse implements the identified plan. Evaluation: nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes. Going back to outcomes and plan... have I achieved the outcome for the pt? If you have not met go back to assessment.  Nursing Theories:    Orem’s Self-Care Theory - Dorothy Orem's Self Care Theory- Self-care deficit theory- Nursing becomes necessary when client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs